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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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探访尼雅遗址,传说中的精绝古城是何模样?******

  中新网新疆和田2月4日电(潘琦)远处,晨光初起,宿雾未散,近处,10余辆越野车一字排开向着千年遗址尼雅出发。近日,记者跟随“2022-2023跨年横穿塔克拉玛干沙漠探险队”一行40余人,驱车4个小时,从新疆民丰县穿越无人区走进塔克拉玛干沙漠中心,探寻精绝古国的踪迹。

  出发,前往塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地

  精绝古国,是否是小说《鬼吹灯》里的秘境?尼雅遗址地处丝绸之路南道交通必经之地,曾经是精绝古国繁盛的城郭。

  精绝古国的存在时间约为公元前2世纪到公元5世纪。自1901年尼雅遗址被发现以来,多次考古活动出土了大量精美文物,尤以1995年的中日尼雅遗址联合考察队发掘成果最丰,其中最著名的就是“五星出东方利中国”汉代织锦护臂,为国家一级文物,中国首批禁止出国(境)展览文物之一,被誉为20世纪中国考古学最伟大的发现之一。

  从民丰县城沿315国道行驶至沙漠公路(新疆轮台至民丰县)后,大地开始变得荒凉,只有两侧人工栽植的沙拐枣、梭梭、红柳等排排涌来。在抵达离尼雅遗址最近的小镇后,车队突然停了下来。

  “给轮胎放气!”远处传来领队嘹亮的声音。司机师傅华林告诉中新网记者,在进入沙漠前,降低轮胎气压将增加轮胎与地面接触的面积,减少车身重量对地面的压力,降低被陷在沙中的概率。

尼雅住宅遗址。 阿力木江?胡加布都拉 摄尼雅住宅遗址。 阿力木江?胡加布都拉 摄

  跋涉,在黄沙大漠中

  汽车在漫天黄沙中奔驰,沙漠丘陵高低起伏,因干涸而死去胡杨再一次提醒我们这里是死亡之海。

  从平坦的村道拐下路基,一人多高的红柳扑面而来,四轮驱动的越野车左冲右突,剧烈地颠簸,树枝刮擦着车门发出刺耳的声音,坐在车内的我们东倒西歪,忍不住阵阵惊呼。

  继续向沙漠深处前进,眼前最有趣的地貌是红柳包,它们孤立高大,像一处处破败的烽燧。

  红柳包由流沙围绕红柳缓慢而有规律地堆积逐渐形成,起初土包很小很矮,经过数百年不间断的沙土堆积和红柳植物的逐年生长,常常出现高达10米以上的大土包。新疆文物考古研究所研究员张铁男说:“1995年中日联合考古发掘时,我们把国旗插到红柳包上,高高飘扬。”

干枯的胡杨散布在沙漠之中。 阿力木江?胡加布都拉 摄干枯的胡杨散布在沙漠之中。 阿力木江?胡加布都拉 摄

  记者抬起相机,远处的沙丘近在眼前。细细观摩,沙丘的轮廓甚是迷人,两翼顺着风向延伸,平面轮廓呈现新月形,黄沙漫漫,蜿蜒曲折。

  神秘,精绝古城又现真容

  翻过一道沙丘,连片木桩突然映入眼帘。“这是尼雅遗址中保护最为完整的N3和N4居址,曾经是精绝人居住的地方。”张铁男介绍,这里就是精绝古城,保留着受损程度不一、规模不等的众多房屋、葡萄园、羊圈等遗址。

  据张铁男介绍,精绝人住宅遗址边有果园分布,当时食用的果品,除了葡萄、桑葚以外,还有石榴、杏、桃、沙枣等。顺着木栈道走进N3,尽管有些地方已被流沙掩盖,但精绝人木骨泥墙的建筑依稀可见,胡杨木为房屋的基柱,红柳枝编成篱笆做墙体。风吹过,一些枯萎了的果树树干,一小簇一小簇地从流沙层中露了出来。

  如今,走近尼雅遗址,仍能轻松辨认出这里的“地标”——佛塔遗址。塔体通体乳白,下呈正方形,上为圆柱形,佛塔用土坯加泥砌成,6米高的佛塔分3层。绕着佛塔走一圈,想象着千年前精绝人在这里生活的点滴。

  农田果园,人们种植小麦、葡萄、桑树,织造毛毯,烧制各类陶器。仿佛随时会炊烟再起,牛羊撒欢,驼铃声响。

尼雅佛塔。 潘琦 摄尼雅佛塔。 潘琦 摄

  “佛塔西北数千米的地方,就是国宝‘五星出东方利中国’锦护臂出土的地方。”新疆和田地区文化体育广播电视和旅游局局长吐送古丽·买托胡提说,关于精绝古城消失有很多猜测,是战争?疾病?还是自然条件恶化?遗址并没有发掘出刀剑戟箭,也没有战斗过的尸横遍野。反倒是所有的墓葬亡者安详平静,大礼陪葬。生活痕迹都清晰可见,但这里居住的人们却忽然消失了......丰富的文化内涵和神奇的未解之谜让尼雅遗址成为众多探险者和考古工作者的向往之地。(完)

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